Diversity in Engineering Biology
If the 2018 Oscars are remembered for anything, it will be for bringing the term “inclusion rider” into common parlance. Frances McDormand used the phrase at the end of her Best Actress acceptance speech to refer to a clause that actors can request to be added to their contracts. It means actors or filmmakers can use their negotiating power to insist that there is a certain level of diversity within the casting and production staff. However, Hollywood is not the only workplace with low levels of diversity; women and ethnic minorities are under-represented in science and academia. This is particularly bad at the intersection: in 2018, the year I wrote the first version of this post, there were only 25 black female professors in the UK out of the nineteen-thousand-strong professoriate. This number is slowly growing. In 2024, there are 66 (including the first in non-medical bioscience!).
Diverse teams are more rigorous when interrogating data and are more innovative. In science, researchers from underrepresented groups have been found to innovate at higher rates but are more frequently discounted and less likely to have successful careers. Further, their rights to be in academic spaces are frequently challenged by their peers, and they have to achieve more to be considered as worthy as their peers from majority backgrounds. Women, especially black and brown women, who have persisted against the odds to gain leadership roles, are less likely to be awarded fellowships and prizes, less likely to be invited to participate on panels, less likely to be invited to conferences and, consequently, less likely to be promoted into more senior positions. I have heard many excuses for a lack of diversity at specific events, including that the organising/recruiting committee ‘couldn’t find any women’. Responses like these led me to
1. Assemble a list of outstanding people leadership roles in the general area of ‘engineering biology’ that identify as women identifying as women*
2. Collate academic resources on this topic.
[*This list is inclusive of cis women, trans women and non-binary people who are comfortable in a female-centred community]
1. A list of women* with leadership roles in synthetic/engineering biology.
The list represents a starting point for increasing speaker diversity in engineering biology/synthetic biology. Please share the list with anyone looking for speakers, panel members or invitees for synthetic biology and biological engineering events. If you think someone is missing, please don’t hesitate to contact me with contact details. If you no longer want to be on the list or your title or weblink needs updating, let me know by email. Allies, please use your negotiating power and social/academic capital to reject invitations to events that have not made an effort to be inclusive #inclusionrider
Other scientific communities are putting together similar lists and databases. For example:
• DiversifyPlantSci online resource by the NAASC Diversity and Inclusion Leadership Committee
• Women in Crop Science by https://womenincropscience.org/
- Adamala, Kate – Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota – Synthetic Minimal Cells
- Allen, Rosalind – Professor, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena/Edinburgh University – Theoretical Microbial Ecology
- Arinzeh, Treena – Professor, New Jersey Institute of Technology – Tissue Engineering
- Arnold, Frances – Professor, Caltech – Evolutionary Protein Design
- Barry, Sarah – Senior Lecturer, King’s College London – Novel Bioactive Compounds and Biocatalysts
- Becker, Anke – Professor, Universität Marburg – Host-Microbe Interactions
- Belcher, Angela – Professor, MIT – Nanoengineering and Biomolecular Materials
- Bintu, Lacra – Assistant Professor, Stanford University – Engineering Chromatin and Gene Regulation
- Borodina, Irena – Professor, Technical University of Denmark and CTO, BioPhero – Metabolic Engineering
- Braybrook, Siobhan – Associate Professor, UCLA – Plant and Algal Mechanics
- Brophy, Jennifer – Assistant Professor, Stanford University – Plant and Microbe Synthetic Biology
- Cachet, Elise – Lecturer, University of Edinburgh – Synthetic Communications, Morphology and /Patterning
- Ceroni, Francesa – Senior Lecturer, Imperial College London – Bacterial and Mammalian Synthetic Biology
- Chang, Michelle – Professor, University of Berkeley – Bimolecular Engineering
- Chen, Yvonne – Associate Professor, UCLA – Cell-based Therapies
- Contreros, Lydia – Professor, University of Texas at Austin – RNA Regulatory Systems
- Dang, Thu-Thuay – Assistant Professor – University of British Columbia – Natural Product Biosynthesis
- De May, Majan – Associate Professor, University of Ghent – Metabolic Engineering
- Demirer, Gozde – Assistant Professor, Caltech – Plant Nano- and Biotechnology
- Di Ventura, Barbara – Professor, University of Freiberg- Molecular and Cellular Engineering
- Dogterum, Marileen – Professor Delft University of Technology, Bionanoscience and Synthetic Cells
- Franco, Elisa – Professor, UCLA – Dynamic Nucleic Acid Systems
- Guiziou, Sarah – Group Leader, The Earlham Institute – Plant and Microbe Synthetic Biology
- Joshi, Jaya – Assistant Professor, University of British Columbia – Plant Synthetic Biology
- Hall, Lisa – Professor, University of Cambridge – Analytical Biotechnology
- Haynes, Karmella – Associate Professor, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University – Chromatin Engineering
- Horsfall, Louise – Professor, University of Edinburgh – Sustainable Biotechnology
- Haurwitz, Rachel – CEO and Founder, Caribou Life Sciences
- Imoukhuede, Princess – Professor, Washington University in St. Louis – Precision Medicine
- Kaçar, Betül – Professor, University of Wisconsin, Madison – Molecular Paleobiology
- Kamat, Neha – Associate Professor, Northwestern University –Engineered Membranes, Artificial Cells, Membrane Biophysics, Polymersomes, Biomaterials
- Landry, Markita – Associate Professor, UC Berkeley – Synthetic Bio-mimetic Nanocomposites
- LeProust, Emily – CEO and Founder, Twist BioSciences
- Li, Pulin – Professor, MIT – Tissue Engineering
- Lopez, Patricia – Lecturer, University of Newcastle – Plant Synthetic Biology
- Marks, Deboro – Professor, Harvard Medical School – Machine Learning
- Medford, June – Professor, Colorado State University – Plant Synthetic Biology
- Meyer, Anne – Professor, University of Rochester – Bacterial Synthetic Biology and Biomaterials
- Michi, Taga – Associate Professor, University of Berkeley – Microbial Communities
- Milczek, Erica – CEO and Founder, CurieCo
- Mitchell, Leslie – Co-founder and CEO at Neochromosome – Synthetic Genomics
- Molloy, Jenny – Senior Research Associate, University of Cambridge/ Group Leader, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) – Open-source biotechnology and biomanufacturing,
- Mortimer, Jenny – Associate Professor, University of Adelaide – Plant Synthetic Biology and Bioenergy
- Nakayama, Naomi – Reader, Imperial College London – Plant Biomechanics and Biomaterials
- Nemhauser, Jennifer – Professor, Unversity of Washington – Plant Synthetic and Developmental Biology
- O’Connor, Sarah – Director, Max Planck Institute of Chemical Ecology – Natural Product Biosynthesis
- Osbourn, Anne – Professor, The John Innes Centre – Natural Product Biosynthesis
- Oyen, Michelle – Professor, Washington University, St Louis- Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering
- Oyston, Petra – Professor, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory – Microbiology
- Pavan, Marilene – Lanzatech
- Peralta-Yahya, Pamela – Associate Professor, Georgia Tech – Biochemical and Protein Engineering
- Prather, Kristala – Professor, MIT – Chemical Engineering
- Regan, Lynne – Professor, University of Edinburgh – Protein and Biomaterials Engineering
- Richardson, Sarah – CEO, Microbyre
- Rosser, Susan – Professor, University of Edinburgh -Yeast and Mammalian Synthetic Biology
- Rothschild, Lynne – Professor, NASA Ames – Auto- and Synthetic Biology
- Roy, Sonali – Assistant Professor, Tennessee State – Plant-Microbe Interactions
- Sattely, Beth – Associate Professor, Stanford University – Engineering Plant Chemistry
- Schaerli, Yolanda – Professor, University of Lausanne – Bacterial Synthetic Biology
- Schulman, Rebecca – Assistant Professor, Johns Hopkins University – Nanotechnology and Intelligent Materials
- Segatori, Laura – Professor, Rice University – Cell and Protein Engineering
- Shetty, Reshma – Co-Founder, Ginkgo Bioworks
- Silver, Pam – Professor, Harvard – Cell and Protein Engineering
- Smith, Alison – Professor, University of Cambridge – Plant and Algal Metabolic Engineering
- Smoke, Christina – Professor, Stanford University – Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering
- Stepanova, Anna – Associate Professor, North Caroline State University – Plant and Microbial Biology
- Strauss, Karin – Affiliate Professor University of Washington/Microsoft Research – Computer Science and Engineering
- Takano, Erico – Professor, University of Manchester – Metabolic Engineering
- Urbanowicz, Breeanna – Assistant Professor, University of Georgia – Plant Biochemistry
- Ting, Alice – Professor, Stanford University – Chemical Biology, Molecular and Cellular Networks
- Vickers, Claudia – Director, BioBuilt Solutions
- Yang, Chen – Professor, Key State Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Bayliss, Françoise – Professor, Dalhousie University – Bioethics and Philosophy
- Calvert, Jane – Professor, University of Edinburgh – Social Studies of Biology and Medicine
- Frow, Emma – Assistant Professor, Arizona State University – Emerging Biotechnologies
- Ginsberg, Alexandra Daisy – Multidisciplinary Artist Examining Nature and Technology
- Gould, Christine – CEO and Founder, ThoughtForFood
- Ingram, Karen – Artist and Creative Director Examining Biotechnology
- Jorgensen, Ellen – Cofounder of Aanika Biosciences, Genspace and Biotech Without Borders
- Kuldell, Natalie – President, The BioBuilder Educational Foundation
- Palmer, Megan – Senior Director of Public Impact, Ginkgo Bioworks
- Sundaram, Lalitha – Senior Research Associate, University of Cambridge – Regulation and Governance
- Tait, Joyce – Professor, Innogen Institute, Edinburgh – Innovation, Risk Governance and Stakeholder Engagement
- Vogel, Kathleen – Professor, University of Maryland – Emerging Biotechnology Threats:
2. Publications about gender and ethnicity in STEM and Academia:
- Diversity and Performance
The Diversity-Innovation Paradox in Science.
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1915378117
Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability problem solvers.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403723101.
Gender diversity leads to better science
https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1700616114
- Analyses of funding and publishing
Fund Black Scientists
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00011-
Big differences in who applies for and gets research funding. Low success rate for women and ethnic minorities cannot be explained solely by application numbers.
UKRI report (2019)
Women are Credited Less in Science than are Men.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04966-w
Is publishing in the chemical sciences gender-biased?
Royal Society of Chemistry
European Research Council
Gender statistics 2016
Gender imbalance in science journals is still pervasive
Nature. 2017; 541: 435–436
Nepotism and Sexism in Peer Review
Nature 387, 341–343
- Intersectionality
The intersectional privilege of white able-bodied heterosexual men in STEM.
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abo1558
Women from some under-represented minorities are given too few talks
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03688-w
Double jeopardy: Gender bias against women of color in science
http://worklifelaw.org/publication/double-jeopardy-gender-bias-against-women-of-color-in-science/
Exploring the promises of intersectionality for advancing women’s health research
Int J Equity Health. 2010; 9: 5
- Black in the Academy
Underrepresentation of Black and Asian students in UK plant science
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-024-01778-w
Academia Isn’t a Safe Haven for Conversations About Race and Racism
https://hbr.org/2020/06/academia-isnt-a-safe-haven-for-conversations-about-race-and-racism
Doing Science while Black
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.353.6307.1586
When the academy wants you to be Black
https://werepstem.com/2020/06/10/when-the-academy-wants-you-black-for-quotas-funding-but-sis-please-dont-be-black-loud-when-it-matters/
How #BlackInTheIvory put a spotlight on racism in academia
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01741-7
An open letter to the Ecology and Evolutional Biology community
https://medium.com/@solonorthrowan/an-open-letter-to-the-eeb-community-7bd89330e554
Why I’ve struggled with the pressure to assimilate when teaching
https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2020/06/why-i-ve-struggled-pressure-assimilate-when-teaching
When the jokes aren’t funny
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6501/342.full
Anti-black racism in STEM is pervasive, and we must change this reality
https://smallpondscience.com/2020/06/17/anti-black-racism-in-stem-is-pervasive-and-we-must-change-this-reality/
What I’ve learned about being a Black scientist
https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2020/06/what-ive-learned-about-being-black-scientist
The Life of a Black Academic: Tired and Terrorized
https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2020/06/12/terror-many-black-academics-are-experiencing-has-left-them-absolutely-exhausted
Racial stereotypes drive students of color away from STEM, but many still persist
https://theconversation.com/racial-stereotypes-drive-students-of-color-away-from-stem-but-many-still-persist-149379
For Black Scientists, the Sorrow Is Also Personal
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)30805-9
Equity, diversity, and inclusion efforts in professional societies: intention versus reaction.
https://academic.oup.com/plcell/article/33/10/3189/6321899
Creating supportive environments in academia for Black scientists to thrive.
https://academic.oup.com/plcell/article/33/7/2112/6272239
Anti-racist interventions to transform ecology, evolution and conservation biology departments.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01522-z
Black scientists call out racism in their institutions
https://www.theverge.com/21286924/science-racism-strike-stem-black-lives-matter-protests
The Souls of Black Professors
https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/10/21/scholars-talk-about-being-black-campus-2020
Black at UC Berkeley: Professor Tyrone Hayes on discrimination in academia
https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/09/13/black-at-uc-berkeley-professor-tyrone-hayes-on-discrimination-in-academia/
Working In Science Was a Brutal Education. That’s Why I Left.
https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/brandontaylor/i-dont-miss-being-a-scientist-except-when-i-do
The Roots of Change: Cultivating Equity and Change across Generations from Healthy Roots.
https://academic.oup.com/plcell/article/34/7/2588/6571818
Ready, Primed, Go: Ending the Racism Pandemic in Science.
https://academic.oup.com/plcell/article/32/12/3660/6118588
Planting Equity: Using What We Know to Cultivate Growth as a Plant Biology Community.
https://academic.oup.com/plcell/article/32/11/3372/6099384?login=true
Aiming Higher: Race, Inequality and Diversity in the Academy.
https://www.runnymedetrust.org/uploads/Aiming%20Higher.pdf
Ten simple rules for building an antiracist lab
https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008210
Racial Microaggressions: The Narratives of African American Faculty at a Predominantly White University
http://www.elegantbrain.com/edu4/classes/readings/100readings/AfricAmericStudies/Pittman_black_faculty_microaggress.pdf
In the service of social equity: Leveraging the experiences of African American women professor
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15236803.2018.1565041
Understanding the science experiences of successful women of color: Science identity as an analytic lens
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tea.20237
Microaggressions are real
https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/microaggressions-matter/406090/
A seat at the table: Exploring the experiences of underrepresented minority women in STEM graduate programs
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10852352.2019.1617383
Anti-Black practices take heavy toll on mental health
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-021-01058-z
This Is What I Want To Tell My White Professors When They Ask, ‘How Are You Today?’
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/black-medical-student-wants-white-professors-to-know_n_5ed91238c5b6e0feefc26315
Move: We Don’t Need To Convince You That Our Oppression is Real
https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1372&context=tvc
The Disciplines Where No Black People Earn Ph.D.s
https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/04/lack-of-black-doctoral-students/587413/
When the jokes aren’t funny
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6501/342.full
Systemic racism persists in the sciences
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6502/351?utm_campaign=toc_sci-mag_2020-07-23&et_rid=40169550&et_cid=3418586
We need to act now.
Elife. 2020 Jun 5;9:e59636. doi: 10.7554/eLife.59636.
Alternative strategies for closing the award gap between white and minority ethnic students
Elife. 2021 Aug 4;10:e58971. doi: 10.7554/eLife.58971.
Women in the Academy
Sexism in the Academy – Women’s narrowing path to tenure
n+1 magazine|Issue 34 (2019)
No more ‘manels’ – A new code of conduct strives for more diverse research meetings and events.
Nature Conferences:
The NIH director will no longer speak in science and medicine forums that don’t include women.
https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/no-more-manels-nih-head-says-call-end-all-male-n1017181
How to banish ‘manels’ and ‘manferences’ from scientific meetings
Nature
Increasing gender diversity in the STEM research workforce
Science 2019
Women in Science – Clogging the Leaky Pipeline
Nature Blogs
Elite male faculty in the life sciences employ fewer women
PNAS July 15, 2014. 111 (28) 10107-10112
Act now: A call to action for gender equality in global health
Lancet. 2017; 389: 60
Gender blind? An analysis of global public-private partnerships for health
Glob Health. 2017; 13: 2
Global health: Generation men
Lancet. 2017; 390: 733
Why do women choose or reject careers in academic medicine? A narrative review of empirical evidence.
Lancet. 2016; 388: 2948–2958
Women in medicine and patient outcomes: equal rights for equal work?
JAMA Intern Med. 2017; 177: 161
National Assessments on Gender and Science, Technology and Innovation.
https://owsd.net/sites/default/files/NH4EastAfricaGEKS.pdf
Five facts about the gender pay gap in UK medicine.
BMJ. 2016; 354: i3878
Sexual harassment and discrimination: experiences of academic medical faculty.
JAMA. 2016; 315: 2120–2121
Science faculty’s subtle gender biases favor male students
PNAS 109 (41) 16474-16479;